The full story of Roanoke begins years before the foundation of the infamously “lost” colony of Roanoke, and involves the takeover of Newfoundland and Privateers in the Caribbean. This episode is the story of the first colony of Roanoke, the colony that set into motion many of the factors that led to the disappearance of the next colony, making it very clear where the lost colonists could seek safe haven in times of distress…

Pedro Menendez, the true founder of Spanish Florida has died leading to a number of governors in rapid succession, all the while the natives reduce the colony down to a single settlement. With recovery in sight, Sir Francis Drake attacks Saint Augustine with overwhelming force…

In 1567 Pedro Menéndez de Avilés left Florida for Spain, having planted Spaniards at twelve or so sites from the Miami area to modern day Tennessee. The hero of our last two episodes, his attention will be divided from this point on, as Spanish Florida endures the return of the French and the rath of Chief Carlos, Chief Felipe, Chief Saturiwa and the cunning Paquiquineo.

In the wake of 40 years of failure, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, an Admiral, not a Conquistador, is the first Spaniard to successfully settle Florida. Now he will try to rapidly expand Spanish Florida, all the while fighting the great Timucua Chief Saturiwa, putting down constant mutinies, and hunting down Chief Carlos II of the Calusa, who sacrifices shipwrecked Spaniards to an Idol.

French Hugeonots have made a secret colony in the land the Spanish call Florida and claim as their own. The King of Spain calls upon Admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to oust the French and finally create a Spanish settlement in Florida, a feat many have tried and most have died undertaking, all ending in massive failure. Menendez will now have to quickly raise a fleet, gather colonists and race the French Fleet, led by rival Jean Ribault, to Florida. Menendez will carry out a Holy War in the New World, the effects of which reverberate outward to us today.

Tristán de Luna y Arellano is ordered by the Viceroy of New Spain to construct a series of forts and settlements from the Gulf, to the Mound Builders at Coosa, to Santa Elena in modern day South Carolina. With 1500 settlers, only an act of God could derail, De Luna's plans.

For more information on the archeological finds related to De Luna see this wonderful podcast: https://thehistoryoftheamericans.com/calamity-at-pensacola/

Hernando De Soto came to so-called Spanish Florida on orders to plant settlements and build fortifications along the coast. Instead he chased rumors of golden empires into the interior of North America, all for nothing. In late 1540, De Soto had the option to travel to Pensacola, where his boats awaited, but decided to set out in the direction of the setting sun in search of possibilities…

Hernando De Soto invades the Mississippians Chiefdoms of the South in search of gold, forgoing his orders to build a seaside colony. He begins a period of time known in the archaeological records as the Mississippian Shatter Zone, and fights the deadliest battle on American soil until the U.S. Civil War.